Paper Bahasa Inggris Bee
CHAPTER
I
A. Introduction
Scientific classification of honey bee:
Kingddom :
Animalia
Phylum :
Antropoda
Class :
insekta
Ordo :
hymenoptera
Family :
apidae
Genus :
Apis
B. History of honey bee
Honey bees have been known by
humans several thousand years ago. Bee keeping is known today comes from the
Mediterranean region (North Africa, Southern Europe and Asia Minor) which then
spread to all regions of the world. Ancient Egyptians made a funnel of
clay as a beehive, then from wicker baskets. African honey bees reared in
cylindrical chunks of wood and nests were hung from trees.
The Russians are the developers
of modern bee keeping, Russia often referred to as the land area of honey.
Russia began to develop a honey farm since the 10th century is now production
already in large scale. In 1775-1850 Peter Prokovich from Russia, found the
beehive making system that can be moved, this technique is now widely used by beekeepers
modern. In Indonesia it self has a very long cultivation of honeybees exist,
even hundreds of years ago when the Dutch colonial era.
C. SPECIES OF BEE
In
the world there are more than 20,000 species of honey bees, but usually cultivated in Indonesia there are
five species.
- Apis adreniformis
Apis andrenioformis bee species
are native to Indonesia who build their nests in the open nature. Bees is
mostly found in residential area and forests with a height of 500 meters
above sea level. Apis andreniformis can be distinguished from other species
Apis by recording a dark black color, making them the darkest of their genus.
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2. Apis cerana
Apis cerana is native bees asia which spread
from Afghanistan, China to Japan. Cerana bees often cultivated in Asia,
including in Indonesia. How to grow it some still traditional in the cavity
wood, bamboo basket, walls of caves and crevices of the home.
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3. Apis dorsata
Apis dorsata is
a species of honey bees most of his size. This species only grows in area of
subtropical and tropical Asia such as Indonesia, the Philippines and there
are no outside asia. Apis dorsata honey being hunted and trafficked by the
population as wild honey.
This bee honey production reached ten kilograms of honey a good nesting
season.
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4. Apis florea
Apis florea
is a honey bee species is the smallest body size. These bees are in Oman,
Iran, India and Indonesia. The bees normally live at an altitude of 1500
meters above sea level. Honey bees are rarely crystallized and contains
higher levels of dextrin other than the honey bee. Production of honey bee florea about
1-3 kg per colony each year.
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5.
Apis Mellifera
Apis melifera
honey bees is the most widely cultivated for the production of honey and high
adaptability. Regional
bee in cold climates is not aggressive and less likely to migrate namu
sensitive to the statement,.
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CHAPTER II
A. How to Breed Bee
1
.Making a cage bees ( stup )
raw
materials bees making home from planks firm that can keep that temperature in stup
stable and dadpt protect against climate change as the rain, heat, and wind
.Then stup put up trees or nailed on the beam kay somewhat high .The size of
the box bees ideal now is as follows:
a. the
bees
- a
long = 34,0 cm
- wide
= 18,0 cm
- high
= 7,5 cm
-
thick plank = 1,5 cm
b.
frame (Points
strokes Honey / frame )
- The length of
the top of the bulge = 43,0 cm
- long
the bottom = 30,0 cm
- wide
= 2,0 cm high = 13.0 cm
- Thick wood
hanger = 1,5 cm
-
thick wood amplifier = 0,5 cm ~
2 .A
nursery
- the selection of seeds and prospective parent
seeds bees excel in indonesia there are two
types of apis cerana namely local and apis mellifera (imports). A superior kind
of election is aimed to make in a colony of bees can maximum production . A
queen. Cerana able to spawn 500- 900 grains per day and queen of a . Mellifera
able to spawn 1500 grains per day .To get seeds superior is now can be bought ,
that is generally available three packages , namely:
- queen package consisted of 1 the queen with
her 5 worker bees .
- package consisted of 1 the queen with her
10,000 worker bees .
- 3
package consists of 1 queen and 10,000 worker bees nest complete with 3 strokes
b. Seed
care and prospective parent
the
bees which just bought treated special. One day after bought, queen issued and
put into stup that was set.
During the six days the bees can not be bothered because it is still in a
period of adaptation so it is more sensitive to unfavorable environment. Then
can be delivered to care and routine maintenance .
C. Pemuliabiakan
system
pemuliabiakan
on bees is to create new queen in order to develop the colony. How that is commonly done is to
manufacture artificial bowl for queen candidates are placed in the tooth.
3.Reproduction
and marriage
Instrument
reproduction worker bees of sex neither too diversified so that does not
function, while instrument reproduction developing bees queen perfect and
serves to reproduction.The process of marriage happened started the flowers. Queen
bees fly out nests followed by all stud that will or. Marriage occurs in the
air, after marriage stud will die and sperm it is stored in spermatheca
(sacsperm) located on the queen of bees but indeed back to the nest. During
marriage worker bees prepared a nest to queen spawn.
4.The
process hatching after mating
After mating, the queen bee will
surround the nest to look for cells that are still vacant in the tooth. A single
egg laid at the base cells. Tube cells that have been containing the eggs are
about to filled honey and pollen by worker bees and having a full will be
closed a thin layer will penetrated by the inhabitants of the adult. To remove
a eggs it took about 0.5 minutes, after removing the 30 egg, queen going to
rest 6 seconds to eat. Honeybees is insect with 4 levels life that is eggs,
larvae, the pupa and an adult insect. In every level being different a time
that varied. The average time the development of bees.
A.
bees queen, hatch 3 days, larvae 5 days, formed thread cover 1 day, to rest 2
days, change larvae so the pupa 1 day, the pupa / a cocoon 3 days, total time
so bees 15 days.
B.
worker bees: hatch 3 days, larvae 5 days, formed thread cover 2 days, to rest 3
days, Change larvae so the pupa 1 day , the pupa / a cocoon 7 days , total time
so bees 21 days .
5.Maintenance
home
a. Sanitation bees on cultivation
honeybees farmers to be diligent check ,
keeping and cleaning bagian-bagian stup like cleansing stup basis of the
existing, prevent ants/ insects in by giving tatakan water on foot stup and
prevent a bully .
b. The feed
the way of feed bees is by raising bees into a
place where many flowers. So adapted to the existing flowers .In grazing what
deserves consideration is:
- displacement
location is night when bees inactive
- if
remotely need extra food ( artificial ) .
- gap
between the minimum grazing 3 miles .
- the
acreage , the types of crops flowering and the flowers .
CHAPTER
III
A.
The
use of be for human
From around 20.000 species of bees,
honey bees that have the most benefit for humans because honey bees can produce
a variety of products that can be utilized for food, herbs even cosmetics such
as honey, propolis, royal jelly, pollen and apitoxin.
Honey is a resembles a liquid sirup
feel sweet and is the main product of honey bees. Since ancient times the honey
has been utilized by humans, the at the time Egyptians using honey as an
ingredient blend to preserved mortal remains King. Since that moment the honey
known as food, herbs, drinks even for beauty. Following being decomposed honey
benefits
1. Honey as herbs
Honey had the water content, carbohydrates,
vitamins such as vitamin B and C, minerals such as calcium, iron, and
sodiumyang beneficial and widely used as herbs variety maam disease since 2500
years ago. Honey can cure a variety of disease as
a)
Overcoming Sleep Disorders
Honey has properties similar to sugar,
which can cause a rise in insulin and release serotonin to improve mood and
happiness. Honey contains amino acids, including tryptophan which is then
converted into serotonin and then to melatonin.
According to Rene Ficek, dietitian and
nutritionist dietician in Seattle Sutton Healthy Eating in Chicago, Illinois
states that the body converts serotonin into melatonin, the chemical that can
regulate the quality of sleep.
b)
Eliminating
Dandruff
According to a study published
European Journal of Medical Research in 2001 claimed that the use of honey
diluted with warm water on the scalp area, can help relieve the itching caused
by dandruff and hair loss. Antibacterial and antifungal properties contained in
honey can also be overcome interference seborrheic dermatitis.
Anti-inflammatory properties in honey can overcome redness and itching, itching
of the scalp.
c)
to
relieve cough
Honey contain more than 181 nutrition
and antioxidant, nourishing substances as antimicrobial. substances that cause
enough honey
to relieve sore throat and cough effectively. Besides honey can also be superimposed on the throat and trigger the swallowing mechanism to reduce pain throat seconds. Berikur are examples of products oabta cough ardiovasular disease, cough, tipus, disease tenggorokan, diabetes and others.
to relieve sore throat and cough effectively. Besides honey can also be superimposed on the throat and trigger the swallowing mechanism to reduce pain throat seconds. Berikur are examples of products oabta cough ardiovasular disease, cough, tipus, disease tenggorokan, diabetes and others.
2. Honey as food
The honey is usually used in the feed mixture
to replace sugar. sugar replaced by honey because honey nutritional content and
the taste of a pas. Honey which is usually as mixed food Fortune pure honey.
examples of pure honey product was honey.
3. Honey as a drink
In each tablespoon of honey, there are
about 17 grams of carbohydrates that will be processed into fructose and
glucose that can be absorbed by the blood to be able to give you a boost of
energy quickly. The increase in blood sugar acts as a source of short-term
energy to produce higher durability. Therefore honey many drink by athletes to
increase their stamina as honey nutritional content to stamina. Honey who
usually consumed is pure honey. the following example pure honey products.
4. Honey is used as a beauty product
The following example the benefits of honey
for beauty:
• Protect Skin
• Damper on skin
• Prevention of Aging skin
• Preserve the Beauty of the skin
• Cleanse the skin
That is example of beauty produk
containing honey
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